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Calendar Name: seminars
Scheduled for: Thursday, September 13 2012, 11:00 - 12:30
Event text:    Prof Michele Morgante
	       
	       Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie ed Ambientali Università
	       di Udine
	       Istituto di Genomica Applicata 
	       Parco Scientifico di Udine 
	       
	       Udine
	       ITALY
Details:       “The plant pan-genomes: from one for all to all for one”
	       
	       ABSTRACT
	       The analysis of variation in plants has revealed that
	       their genomes are characterised by high levels of
	       structural variation, consisting of both smaller
	       insertion/deletions, mostly due to recent insertions of
	       transposable elements, and of larger insertion/deletion
	       similar to those termed in humans Copy Number Variants
	       (CNVs). These observations indicate that a single genome
	       sequence might not reflect the entire genomic complement
	       of a species, and prompted us to introduce the concept
	       of the plant pan-genome, including core genomic features
	       common to all individuals and a Dispensable Genome (DG)
	       composed of partially shared and/or non shared DNA
	       sequence elements. The very active transposable element
	       systems present in many plant genomes may account for a
	       large fraction of the DG. The mechanisms by which the
	       CNV-like variants are generated and the direction of the
	       mutational events are still unknown. Uncovering the
	       intriguing nature of the DG, i.e. its composition,
	       origin and function, represents a step forward towards
	       an understanding of the processes generating genetic
	       diversity and phenotypic variation. Additionally, since
	       the DG clearly appears to be for the most part the
	       youngest and most dynamic component of the pan genome,
	       it is of great interest to understand whether it is a
	       major contributor to the creation of new genetic
	       variation in plant evolution as well as in the
	       artificial selection processes of plant breeding. We
	       will discuss the extent and composition of the pan
	       genome in different plant species, the different
	       mechanisms that generate and maintain the dispensable
	       portion, the phenotypic effects of the DG and the rates
	       and modes of creation of new genetic variation due to DG
	       components.

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